Hydroxytryrosol found in extra virgin olive oil is the most powerful antioxidant found to date, and believed to be one of the reasons for the health benefits of the mediterranean diet It has important benefits to joints by protecting chondrocytes from oxidative stress and stimulating chondrocytes to do there job.  
  25 adults with early osteoarthritis of the knee were given one tablet of 50 mg/day of olive extract (10 mg HT) or placebo for 4 weeks. A significant diminution in pain was observed in the group after 2 and 4 weeks of HT treatment, pointing to HT as effective treatment to reduce pain in patients with osteoarthritis. HT also helps lower inflammation biomarkers, and helps with diabetes, high blood pressure and cancer.  
Takeda, R.; Koike, T.; Taniguchi, I.; Tanaka, K. Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of hydroxytyrosol of Olea europaea on pain in gonarthrosis. Phytomedicine 2013, 20, 861–864. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]

Revers-e-vine is a type of resveratrol but more potent. Research shows that 100 mg of revers-e-vine gives a 50% (which is huge) increase in activation of the SIRT-1 longevity gene. The longevity gene helps to keep the whole body younger including our joints. Resveratrol is also an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and has anti-cancer properties. It helps repair mitochondria and slows aging in mice. In the lab it down regulates production of cartilage degrading enzymes, and also stimulates chondrocytes. Revers-e-vine along with hydroxytyrosol has also been shown to reduce the loss of telomeres on the ends of chromosomes, and therefore have very important anti-aging benefits. 

    A powerful anti-inflammatory reducing COX2 by 30% and inhibit IL-1β-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 by 70% in chondrocytes, which cause the degradation of cartilage. It also has anticancer properties with multiple studies showing that pomegranate extracts inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells and even stimulate the programmed cell death of breast cancer cells. Pomegranate seed oil contains punicic acid, an omega-5 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid that has been shown to inhibit breast cancer proliferation. Further research suggests that pomegranate juice may also slow the growth of prostate cancer, the leading cancer for men in the U.S. In a study of male subjects with recurrent prostate cancer and rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, researchers found that taking pomegranate juice extract significantly slowed the rate at which PSA was rising. Other studies have found that certain compounds in pomegranate juice show potent anti-tumorigenic effects and inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells in the laboratory. It is also an aphrodisiac because it keeps testosterone from turning into estrogen, it helps lower blood pressure by 15%, and helps remove atherosclerotic plagues by 30%.

 Milk Thistle has been used for centuries to treat liver and spleen problems. But it is also a powerful anti-inflamatory with studies showing that 300 mg/day worked better than piroxicam or meloxicam both nsaids. With Silymarin reducing inflammation components by more than 50% in patients with OA, and the piroxicam and meloxicam having minimal to no affect. It also has anticancer properties.

  Boswellia serrata, also known as Indian frankincense, is one of the ancient and most valued herbs in Ayurveda. Boswellia inhibits the pro-inflammatory enzyme 5-LOX. Clinical trial: 30 patients received Boswellia Serrata 50% extract 333 mg 3 times a day for 30 days had a reduction in pain of 90% and improvement in ROM of 80%. 

Astaxanthin has been called the miracle supplement of the 21st century. It is a powerful antioxidant and 6000 times stronger than Vit C. But it is also a powerful anti-inflammatory: 2 to 8 mg reduces C reactive protein CRP by 50% and MMP-13 by 75% both very important inflammation markers. In OA and RA cartilage, MMP-13 production results in the loss of type II collagen, tensile properties, and structural integrity of the affected joint.

FruiteX-B is a form of the mineral boron that is found in food and is highly absorbable. Boron is a nutrient woefully lacking in American soil, normal intact in USA is 1 to 2 mg. Low boron levels have been associated with an increase in osteoarthritis (OA) rates as well as rheumatoid arthritis and many other diseases including cancer. Areas of the world where boron intact is less than 1 mg per day the incidence of OA is 20-70%, areas where it is 3- 10 mg the incidence is 0 to 10%. High Boron intact increases vitamin D and hormone levels such as DHEA, estrogen and testosterone by 25 to 40%. Boron, along with zinc and copper, (as well as calcium) are important elements for increasing bone density and preventing osteoporosis. 

  Zinc and copper are 2 key minerals needed joint and overall health that are often in low amounts in the diet So we have added it to formula 2 in amounts that won’t exceed safe limits if you supplement with this in your multi-vitamin. For more information on minerals needed for joints visit our web site at wholepotentialliving.com. There is also an interesting write up there about silicon and silicon in beer. 

• Decrease inflammation in joints and throughout the body by activation of the NRF2 Pathway which activates 200 genes that: control inflammation, increase anti-oxidants, and elimination of toxins such as benzene. 1,2
• Decrease activation of MMP’s, which are enzymes that destroy cartilage. 3,4
• Increase Chondrocyte production of new cartilage. 5
• Many other health benefits such reducing cancer rates. 5+ servings/week of broccoli (or other cruciferous vegetables) had decrease cancer rates by 40 to 60% depending on the type of cancer. One serving is about ½ cup of broccoli. Broccoli sprouts have 100x more of the active component called sulforaphane. The amount of broccoli sprouts in JNC is about equivalent to 1 serving of broccoli. 6

References:
   1.   https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/art.38133
   2.   https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24671668/
  3.   https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S089158491932431
   4.   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4240673/
   5.   https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0891584919324311
   6.   https://youtu.be/zz4YVJ4aRfg?list=PLSGUpeBAVCuavHTxklDM_EpHIO75bWWty

• It is truly amazing the health benefits of Bromelain and Papain from controlling cancer and improving heart disease to helping with arthritis.1 
• These enzymes help break down a protein called fibrin that is deposited in joints by an over active inflammation response and can disrupt the healing process.
• A clinical trial of 77 adults with knee pain, using 200 and 400 mg/day Bromelain showed a reduction in OA symptoms of 41% and 59% respectively after 4 weeks 2. 
• In another study 103 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee were divided into two groups to receive 90 mg of bromelain three times a day or 50 mg of diclofenac (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) twice daily. The two interventions were equally effective at improving each of the measures tested: joint tenderness, pain, range of motion, swelling In addition, patients who used bromelain said they had less pain when at rest, as compared to diclofenac. 3
• In another trial on back pain patients showed a 20% reduction in back pain after 6 weeks using 2 Bromelain and Papain (250 mg total) compared to standard treatment of the NSAID aceclofenac.4
• Many studies have shown that bromelain has a positive effect on arthritis (osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis)5 
• A clinical trial using 650 mg (turmeric, devils claw and Bromelain) showed a 44% reduction in symptoms of OA after 60 days. 6, 7
• Bromelain has been used as a food supplement alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). 8

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8534447/
2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12587686/
3. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15278753
4. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2020 Jan;33(1(Supplementary)):371-378. Efficiency of proteolytic enzymes in  treating lumbar spine osteoarthritis (low back pain) patients and its effects on liver and kidney enzymes
5. Pavan R., Jain S., Kumar A. Properties and Therapeutic Application of Bromelain: A Review.  Biotechnol. Res. Int. 2012;2012:1–6. doi: 10.1155/2012/976203
6. Conrozier T., Mathieu P., Bonjean M., Marc J.F., Renevier J.L., Balblanc J.C. A complex of three natural anti-inflammatory agents provides relief of osteoarthritis pain. Altern. Ther. Health Med. 2014;20:3237. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24473984/
7. Grover A.K., Samson S.E. Benefits of antioxidant supplements for knee osteoarthritis: Rationale and reality. Nutr. J. 2015;15:1. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0115-z. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700773/

• The original discovery of ginger's inhibitory effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis in the early 1970s has been repeatedly confirmed. This discovery identified ginger as an herbal medicinal product that shares pharmacological properties with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ginger suppresses prostaglandin synthesis through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. An important extension of this early work was the observation that ginger also suppresses leukotriene biosynthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase. This pharmacological property distinguishes ginger from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This discovery preceded the observation that dual inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase may have a better therapeutic profile and have fewer side effects than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. 1
• Clinical trial using 250 mg extract of ginger showed a 38% reduction in knee pain while standing in OA patients at 6 weeks. JNC isn’t using an extract but the whole root powder. 

1. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16117603/
2. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1529-0131(200111)44:11%3C2531::AID-ART433%3E3.0.CO;2-J

• Mangosteen is a tropical plant native to Southeast Asia. The fruits are consumed as food and also used in traditional medicine to treat skin infections, wounds, and diarrhea. Mangosteen juice is marketed as a health drink and the pericarp, or fruit hull, is used in dietary supplements for its antioxidant activity. Preliminary data show that xanthones, bioactive compounds in mangosteen, exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic , anti-asthmatic, antiangiogenic, cytotoxic (kills cancer), aromatase-inhibitory, and anticancer properties. 1
• Clinical trial using 500 mg/day of men and women over age 55 with knee pain showed an average reduction in knee pain of 52% at the 28 day mark. 2
• The xanthones found in mangosteen are being demonstrated to reduce inflammation by inhibiting the body's production of the COX-2 enzyme and blocking the process that leads to inflammation. 3
• Alpha-Mangostin protects rat articular chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced inflammation and slows the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model 4

1. https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/mangosteen
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265786492_Consumption_of_Mangosteen_Fruit_Pulp_Powder_MX3_provides_beneficial_effect_on_knee_discomfort_not_associated_with_injury_A_double_blind_placebo-controlled_pilot_clinical_study
3. https://www.naturalhomecures.net/mangosteen/science-xanthones/alpha-mangostin-and-gamma-mangostin
4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/288